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Brings James out of the shadows to show the important role he played in the beginnings of Christianity.
- Sales Rank: #2051440 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Fortress Press
- Published on: 1999-09-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.92" h x .78" w x 6.00" l, 1.21 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 342 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
From Library Journal
Painter (theology, St. Mark's Theological Centre, Canberra, Australia) has taken on the same task here as Robert Eisenman in his James, the Brother of Jesus: The Key to Unlocking the Secrets of Early Christianity and the Dead Sea Scrolls (LJ 1/97): to rescue James the Just from the obscurity that history forced on him. For both authors, the stream of early Christianity that became orthodoxy suppressed the true importance of James. Painter sees traditions outside of and later than the New Testament (Eusebius and Gnostic and apocryphal writings) as providing a corrective and thus reads the gospels, Acts, and epistles in light of them. However, he does not appeal to the Dead Sea Scrolls. In fact, he takes issue with Eisenman's identification of James with the scrolls' Teacher of Righteousness (and Paul the Apostle with "the spouter of lies"). Painter may find more readers agreeing with him than does Eisenman, because he doesn't stretch the imagination quite so far, but not all will want to stretch even this far. Lacking the passion of Eisenman's, this work is more appropriate for acadmic collections.?Craig W. Beard, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham Lib.
Copyright 1997 Reed Business Information, Inc.
Review
"For any person seeking a grounding in the historical development of Christianity, this is an excellent book." -- Baton Rouge Advocate
"This book is not to be missed by any serious student of Christian origins." -- Theological Studies
"This is a well-written, clear, thorough, useful, and needed work." -- Sewanee Theological Review
About the Author
John Painter (PhD, Durham University) is biblical research scholar and professor of theology at the Charles Sturt University School of Theology in Canberra, Australia. He is the author of "Just James: The Brother of Jesus in History and Tradition "and several other books.
Most helpful customer reviews
55 of 60 people found the following review helpful.
Restored Portrait of an Early Christian Leader
By E. T. Veal
James "the Just", "the brother of the Lord", is remembered in Christian tradition as the first bishop of Jerusalem and the author of a canonical epistle. In the Orthodox Church, his feast day is marked by a special liturgy, celebrated on no other occasion. In short, he holds a place as a Great Man in the early Church. Nevertheless, his theoretical greatness is coupled with practical obscurity. Next to the towering figures of Peter and Paul, James is a shadowy presence. Even the one writing attributed to him, a high point of "Wisdom literature", has suffered neglect, burdened by Martin Luther's contemptuous dismissal of its contents as "straw".
John Painter seeks to restore the portrait of "Just James" to its original brilliance. He considers every ancient text that bears on James: the handful of references in the New Testament, the short but significant testimony of Josephus, the thin line of orthodox remembrance and the much more abundant Gnostic and heretical appropriation of James' image. The available information about James has never before been so carefully and thoroughly assembled. Sadly, though, the pigments on the canvas remain scattered and faded, so that the Painterly picture has in it, in the end, more of the artist than the subject.
On some elements of James' life, Professor Painter is fresh and convincing. He demonstrates the weakness of the evidence underlying the conventional opinions that James and the other "brothers of the Lord" converted to belief in Jesus only after His death and that James did not become the "leader" (whatever leadership may signify at that point in Christian history) of the Jerusalem church until Peter departed from the city. He also offers a clear treatment of the early controversy over mission strategies, though his symmetrical schema of six "positions" in the debate over preaching to non-Jews may be too abstract and tidy to reflect reality.
On the other hand, his discussion of other topics is less satisfactory. On the degree of kinship between Jesus and James, he presents the standard arguments against Jerome's hypothesis (that the two were cousins) but rejects the traditional view of the Eastern Church (that they were half-brothers) without grappling with it. His argument is half well-poisoning (guilt by association with the often-preposterous Protevangelium of James) and half literalism ("adelphos" means "brother", and that's that, as if there were any other natural Greek word to use for a brother by only one parent).
Even worse is his analysis of the motives that led the Jerusalem authorities to put James to death in 62 A.D., an action that the non-Christian Josephus characterizes as a judicial murder. The natural assumption, unanimously supported by Christian accounts, is that James was martyred for professing Christ. Professor Painter, on virtually no evidence, prefers to believe that James was closely associated with economically distressed Temple priests of pharisaic tendencies and was executed for his advocacy of their interests. Such a socioeconomic interpretation may resonate today, but one wonders how James and his small congregation could have genuinely threatened the political power of the High Priesthood and whether Professor Painter is right to presume that Pharisees would not have objected to injustice against someone who was not of their own faction.
Questionable points like these do not, however, undermine the value of this scholarly labor. The limitations of the surviving sources necessarily make the history of early Christianity largely a study of two apostles (or of one and a half, since Pauline material is so much more abundant than Petrine). An effort to fill in some of the rest of the picture is welcome.
7 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
For those interested in James the Just
By Buffalo Bruce
Bottom line up front, this is a scholarly work which is more appropriate for theologians, clergy or teachers of early Christian history. General audiences will find this a difficult book to read. I read this book because of my interest in early church history, and my desire to read a more scholarly work after having read some trash histories regarding James the bother of Jesus. This book is not hot off the press being published in 1997, but at this point, it would be read by those interested in the character of James the Just and his place in Biblical history.
Painter's approach for this book is to review the inventory of early literary sources or Biblical references which discuss or mention James the brother of Jesus. Part one, discusses the Biblical references in the Gospels, Acts, and the letters of Paul. This biblical review includes family Jesus, James as a foundational leader in the early church, and the tension between Jewish Christianity and the Apostle Paul's mission to the Gentiles. Part two continues with the images of James as remembered by the early Christian Church by reviewing the histories by early writers such as Eusebus, Hegesippus, and Josephus. This portion also included a review of the sources from the Nag Hammadi Library and the Gnostic movement. Part three concerns James and Jewish Christianity with Painter's review of the Epistle of James. Finally, Painter includes an excursus where he reviews of Robert Eisenman's, James the Brother of Jesus. In this review, Painter accurately dismisses Eisenman's theory that James led the followers of the Qumran community as the Righteous Teacher while serving as the head of the early church in Jerusalem.
Overall, Painter quickly establishes James as one of the leader s of church following the crucifixion, resurrection and assent ion of Jesus. Part two of the book provides insight to how competing groups used the memory or tradition of James the Just for their own purposes such as the Gnostics remembering James as receiving secret knowledge from his brother Jesus. However, I found the review of biblical references more interesting, while the thorough examination of the many later literary sources is lengthy, while leaving the reader wondering why am I reading this? Fortunately Painter provides a very good summary at the end of part three with the sub-title `Just James.' This conclusion provides Painter's complete picture of James the brother of Jesus and why we should care to read his book.
James followed Jesus as the leader of the first generation of Jewish Christians. He served in this role as the first bishop of the Jerusalem church. The Jerusalem church believed Jesus to be the Messiah and believed that their movement called their Jewish followers to a higher standard faithfulness to God within the traditions and history of Judaism. Peter a disciple of Jesus and Paul who became an early convert were among the first generation of early followers. Painter discusses a possible rivalry between the apostolic movement led by Peter and the Jerusalem church led by James. I am not totally convinced of the image Painter creates for Peter. His image of Peter has little variance from the Jewish Christianity of James. Painter overlooks some of Peter's apparent inconsistencies in regards to eating with Gentiles as reported in the Book of Acts, or Paul's outrage with Peter's later insistence on requiring circumcision for Gentles. I believe the positions of both James and Peter evolved over time, but Painter creates images of these men with positions regarding religious practices as solidified.
Every book concerning James must address the controversy between him and the Apostle Paul. James led the Jerusalem church by remaining firmly within Jewish history and tradition. Paul led the mission to the Gentiles. Painter states that Paul was driven by the questions, "Is God the God of Jews only? Is he not the God of Gentles also? Paul asserts that affliction and glory come equally to the Jew and also to the Greek. Both are justified by their faith. Paul's mission to the Gentiles would eventually win over the Roman Empire. James was bound to the fate of the Jewish people. He would die as a martyr several years prior to the destruction of Jerusalem, which marked an end to the center of Jewish religious and cultural activities. Jewish Christianity faded away and James the brother of Jesus became a footnote in Biblical history.
10 of 13 people found the following review helpful.
Regression
By Jacques Schoeman
John Painter constantly finds in Scripture incidents that are easily overlooked by most. He handles the exegesis of most difficult passages with ease, but at times he incorrectly grasps the theological meaning, or purposefully detracts from Scripture, as do most form critical authors, who struggle with the authoritative nature and origin of Scripture.
A good example: in referring to Paul's return to Jerusalem, he actually argues that the Jerusalem elders, James included, deliberately planned to have Paul arrested and handed over to the authorities, which caused his finally being taken to Rome. To me it would seem he hereby makes the apostles and elders at Jerusalem complicit in Paul's demise. This is over-reaching the text and this inventiveness does not behoove the inerrancy of Scripture. He does suggest that the evidence does not lean towards this, but just the fact that he suggests it, left a sour taste in my mouth.
'James, centered in Jerusalem with a focus on the mission to the Jews, had every right to think that his approach to mission was true to the mission of Jesus and that the mission of Paul was without adequate precedent in the practice of Jesus.' p 98 Further, it would seem that as James was not present at the giving of the great commission, or at Paul's commissioning on the road to Damascus, it can allow Painter to safely deduce the following surprising conclusion. Ridderbos alluded to this practice: 'It is equally clear that by using the form-content schema, it is possible to end up with the most radical reductions of the kerygma and teaching of the New Testament.' Redemptive History & the New Testament Scriptures p 74
What comes as no surprise is that the book is recommended by Jimmy Dunn who hails Painter for 'building up a picture which is much more positive than most have recognized.'
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